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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. In addition, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure has to be brought to the construction location by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the machine part of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be a few of the other industrial machines that is used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 20 feet or 6.1m. Next, the crane driver utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like for instance wind must be taken into account. The word loaded refers to the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. In order to make sure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the cargo must be equally distributed throughout the container.
Having an evenly distributed cargo it is beneficial to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability, in order to maintain safety. A cargo that is even helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is extremely essential that the designers of containers and handling equipment take this into consideration during the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the container length measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
In order to make certain that the equipment used is perfect for the cargo, care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Particular attention needs to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like for example a bulk container, a tank container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging cargo, great care must be taken when lifting these.
